{"id":59,"date":"2022-04-18T06:23:17","date_gmt":"2022-04-18T06:23:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/chapter\/4-1-adapting-and-remixing-oer\/"},"modified":"2024-09-19T04:16:58","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T04:16:58","slug":"4-1-adapting-and-remixing-oer","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/chapter\/4-1-adapting-and-remixing-oer\/","title":{"raw":"Adapting and Remixing OER","rendered":"Adapting and Remixing OER"},"content":{"raw":"<div>\n<h1>Adaptation<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n\nThe term adaptation is commonly used to describe the process of making changes to an existing work. We can also replace \u201cadapt\u201d with revise, modify, alter, customise, remix, or other synonyms that describe the act of making a change.\n\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\">When it comes to working with [pb_glossary id=\"314\"]open textbooks[\/pb_glossary] (and open educational resources in general), one of the conceptual hurdles faced by most people is around the notion of adapting or changing someone\u2019s work. What exactly can be adapted within the scope of an open resource? Won\u2019t the original author get upset if you change their work?<\/span>\n<div>\n\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\">Changing someone\u2019s work can feel uncomfortable. But rest assured, if the author has released their work under a Creative Commons licence that allows for adaptation (which is any Creative Commons licence except the <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/legalcode\">No Derivatives (ND)<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">[footnote]Creative Commons. (n.d.). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Attibution-NoDerivatives 4.0 international<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/legalcode\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/legalcode<\/a> <a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">[\/footnote] licence), then they expect that you will change the content, providing you give them the proper attribution. Using information and media from an open textbook or other open educational resource is not considered plagiarism.<\/span>\n\nAdaptation of an OER is possible where the copyright holder has already granted permission by releasing their work using certain open \u2014 or [pb_glossary id=\"305\"]Creative Commons[\/pb_glossary]\u2014licences as outlined in <a href=\"\/iotb\/part\/chapter-2\/\">chapter 2<\/a>.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n\n<span style=\"font-family: Raleway, sans-serif;font-size: 1.667em;font-weight: 600;text-align: left\">\nDetermine reasons for adapting an OER<\/span>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n\nWhen you use an openly licenced textbook or other open educational resource, you are free to adapt it to fit your learners\u2019 needs. In other words, you can adjust the resource to fit your course curriculum, not the other way round. Other reasons for revising an existing open work might be to:\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Address a particular teaching style or learning style<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Adjust for a different course or program<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Adapt for a different discipline<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Accommodate a different learning environment<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Address diversity needs<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Meet a cultural preference<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Meet a regional or national preference<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Make the material more accessible for people with disabilities<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Add material contributed by students or material suggested by students<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Translate the material into another language<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Correct errors or inaccuracies<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Update the book with current information<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Add more media or links to other resources<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Use only a portion of the book for a course[footnote]BCcampus. (2021). <em>Reasons to adapt an open textbook<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/reasons-adapt\/\">https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/reasons-adapt\/<\/a>\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div>\n\nWhen you have decided to adapt an OER, you need to make sure it is suitable for your needs. Here are a few steps you might take when evaluating an OER. If this process seems lengthy, think about the process you follow to review textbooks and other materials in your course. You can use a similar or modified evaluation process.\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The content under consideration covers the subject area appropriately<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The content of the OER is accurate and free of major errors and spelling mistakes<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">An understanding of Creative Commons licence types will determine how content can be used or altered for course needs<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The OER is clearly written and appropriate for the students\u2019 level of understanding<\/li>\n \t<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The accessibility of the content is appropriate for all students[footnote]Elder, A. (2022). <em>Evaluate OER<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/instr.iastate.libguides.com\/oer\/evaluate\">https:\/\/instr.iastate.libguides.com\/oer\/evaluate<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">See <\/span><a href=\"\/iotb\/chapter\/3-1-1-recognising-the-different-types-of-oer#evaluatingqualityoer\">Evaluating the quality of OER<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">for more information and rubrics.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Adapting an OER with correct attribution and licencing<\/h1>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n\nAdapting an OER can allow for a wide range of possibilities as the number, variety, and quality of OER available is such that any educator should be able to find resources they can readily (with or without modification) use within their classroom. Adapting existing OER will almost always be more efficient than creating teaching materials from scratch.[footnote]Moist, S. (2017). <em>Adopt\/adapt vs creation<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyoertoolkit\/chapter\/adopt-adapt-vs-creation\/\">https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyoertoolkit\/chapter\/adopt-adapt-vs-creation\/<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]\n\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2>What can you change?<\/h2>\n<span class=\"TextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\" data-ccp-parastyle-defn=\"{&quot;ObjectId&quot;:&quot;e6c81cd9-ecaa-4e53-81b5-1b41b8aaa9c8|152&quot;,&quot;ClassId&quot;:1073872969,&quot;Properties&quot;:[469775450,&quot;Normal0&quot;,201340122,&quot;2&quot;,134234082,&quot;true&quot;,134233614,&quot;true&quot;,469778129,&quot;Normal0&quot;,335572020,&quot;1&quot;,335559705,&quot;2057&quot;,469778325,&quot;[\\&quot;heading 10\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 20\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 30\\&quot;,\\&quot;header\\&quot;,\\&quot;footer\\&quot;,\\&quot;List Paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 1\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 2\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 3\\&quot;,\\&quot;cdt4ke\\&quot;,\\&quot;Normal (Web)\\&quot;,\\&quot;paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;annotation text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Balloon Text\\&quot;,\\&quot;endnote text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Subtitle\\&quot;]&quot;]}\">Anything and everything in an open textbook or resource can be changed if the conditions of the open licence are met.[footnote]<span class=\"TextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\" data-ccp-parastyle-defn=\"{&quot;ObjectId&quot;:&quot;3c190d6c-cc20-4fc3-839e-24f3a75d9b73|152&quot;,&quot;ClassId&quot;:1073872969,&quot;Properties&quot;:[469775450,&quot;Normal0&quot;,201340122,&quot;2&quot;,134234082,&quot;true&quot;,134233614,&quot;true&quot;,469778129,&quot;Normal0&quot;,335572020,&quot;1&quot;,335559705,&quot;2057&quot;,469778325,&quot;[\\&quot;heading 10\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 20\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 30\\&quot;,\\&quot;header\\&quot;,\\&quot;footer\\&quot;,\\&quot;List Paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 1\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 2\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 3\\&quot;,\\&quot;cdt4ke\\&quot;,\\&quot;Normal (Web)\\&quot;,\\&quot;paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;annotation text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Balloon Text\\&quot;,\\&quot;endnote text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Subtitle\\&quot;]&quot;]}\">Aesoph, L. M. (2016). <\/span><\/span><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\">Adaptation guide<\/span><\/span><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\">. <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/permission-to-adapt\/\">https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/permission-to-adapt\/ <\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>[\/footnote]<\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\" data-ccp-charstyle-defn=\"{&quot;ObjectId&quot;:&quot;e6c81cd9-ecaa-4e53-81b5-1b41b8aaa9c8|165&quot;,&quot;ClassId&quot;:1073872969,&quot;Properties&quot;:[469775450,&quot;normaltextrun&quot;,201340122,&quot;1&quot;,134233614,&quot;true&quot;,469778129,&quot;normaltextrun&quot;,335572020,&quot;1&quot;,469778324,&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;]}\">There are many resources including this work <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">that can help you adapt an existing OER<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">Always ensure you check the licen<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">e on a resource before you start adapting it. Outlined below are some points covering [pb_glossary id=\"303\"]attribution[\/pb_glossary] and lice<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">nc<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">ing to consider when looking to adapt an open resource.\u202f<\/span><\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Licences and permissions<\/h2>\n<div>\n\nWorks online are often protected by [pb_glossary id=\"254\"]copyright[\/pb_glossary], but you can potentially adapt, modify, and reuse existing online content by looking out for Creative Commons licensed material.\n\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\">Works that fall within the [pb_glossary id=\"316\"]public domain[\/pb_glossary] can also be adopted and reused without infringing copyright. See <a href=\"\/iotb\/chapter\/distinguish-between-materials-that-are-all-rights-reserved-in-the-public-domain-and-openly-licensed\/\">Distinguish Between Materials That Are All Rights Reserved In The Public Domain And Openly Licensed.<\/a><\/span>\n\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\">If you want to use materials that are not released under a Creative Commons licence or in the public domain, then you can try obtaining written permission from the copyright holder to use the material in your resource; be mindful that copyright holders may not approve the re-licensing of their works under a Creative Commons licence, or they may charge for the use.<\/span>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">Written permission can be as simple as an email from the copyright owner confirming that you are allowed to use the material in the way you intend. When seeking permission, you need to make it clear that your resulting work will be licensed under a Creative Commons licence, you also need to ensure you provide the original copyright holder all necessary information to make an informed decision in granting permission. This would normally include how you intend to use the work, any changes or adaptions you intend to make, and the terms of the Creative Commons licence you will licence your work under.[footnote]Smartcopying. (2021). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Permissions<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/smartcopying.edu.au\/guidelines\/permissions-and-consents\/permissions\/\">https:\/\/smartcopying.edu.au\/guidelines\/permissions-and-consents\/permissions\/<\/a> <a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">[\/footnote]\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">If permission is granted by a third party to use their material in your OER, but not licence their contribution as Creative Commons, you will need to ensure that it is clearly marked and it has been included with the permission of the rightsholder. The content should be labelled as <strong>\u201cReproduced with Permission\u201d<\/strong> with the rightsholder\u2019s preferred attribution style included. This will assist users downstream who wish to adapt your work by making it clear that the material in question is NOT Creative Commons.<\/div>\n&nbsp;\n\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\">There are many different <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/copyright\/free_stuff\">places where you can search<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> for openly licensed material [footnote]RMIT University Library. (2021). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Copyright guide<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/copyright\/free_stuff\">https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/copyright\/free_stuff<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">[\/footnote] including <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/openeducationalresources\/imagesandvideos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open images<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> to use in your OER. Additionally, Google images allows you to filter results by Creative Commons licence if you select Tools &gt; Usage Rights. When gathering images, keep track of attribution information to make creating <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubc.ca\/Documentation:Open_Resource_Working_Group\/Publishing_Guide\/Textbook_Outline\">front and back matter<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">[footnote]University of British Columbia. (2021). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Documentation: Open textbook publishing guide\/textbook outline<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubc.ca\/Documentation:Open_Textbook_Publishing_Guide\/Textbook_Outline\">https:\/\/wiki.ubc.ca\/Documentation:Open_Textbook_Publishing_Guide\/Textbook_Outline<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">[\/footnote] pages easier. Also, make sure that any images conform to accessibility guidelines.<\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">See <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"\/iotb\/chapter\/accessibility-and-oer\/\">Accessibility <\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">for more information.<\/span><\/div>\n<span style=\"font-size: 1em\">When searching for videos, you can identify Creative Commons content by using filters. For example,\u00a0 you can filter your YouTube search to include videos with a Creative Commons licence or search within specific <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/openeducationalresources\/imagesandvideos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open educational resource repositories<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. Before using a video, you need to review the content for potential infringement - refer to the Australian Copyright Council\u2019s guidelines on Video Uploads &amp; Copyright.[footnote]Australian Copyright Council. (2019). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Video uploads &amp; copyright: YouTube, Vimeo, Facebook etc.<\/em> <a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.org.au\/browse\/book\/ACC-Video-Uploads-&amp;-Copyright:-YouTube,-Vimeo,-Facebook-etc.-INFO117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.copyright.org.au\/browse\/book\/ACC-Video-Uploads-&amp;-Copyright:-YouTube,-Vimeo,-Facebook-etc.-INFO117<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">[\/footnote]\n<\/span>\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div>\n<h1>Adaptation<\/h1>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p>The term adaptation is commonly used to describe the process of making changes to an existing work. We can also replace \u201cadapt\u201d with revise, modify, alter, customise, remix, or other synonyms that describe the act of making a change.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">When it comes to working with <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_59_314\">open textbooks<\/a> (and open educational resources in general), one of the conceptual hurdles faced by most people is around the notion of adapting or changing someone\u2019s work. What exactly can be adapted within the scope of an open resource? Won\u2019t the original author get upset if you change their work?<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">Changing someone\u2019s work can feel uncomfortable. But rest assured, if the author has released their work under a Creative Commons licence that allows for adaptation (which is any Creative Commons licence except the <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/legalcode\">No Derivatives (ND)<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Creative Commons. (n.d.). Attibution-NoDerivatives 4.0 international. https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/legalcode CC BY 4.0\" id=\"return-footnote-59-1\" href=\"#footnote-59-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a> licence), then they expect that you will change the content, providing you give them the proper attribution. Using information and media from an open textbook or other open educational resource is not considered plagiarism.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>Adaptation of an OER is possible where the copyright holder has already granted permission by releasing their work using certain open \u2014 or <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_59_305\">Creative Commons<\/a>\u2014licences as outlined in <a href=\"\/iotb\/part\/chapter-2\/\">chapter 2<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<p><span style=\"font-family: Raleway, sans-serif;font-size: 1.667em;font-weight: 600;text-align: left\"><br \/>\nDetermine reasons for adapting an OER<\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>When you use an openly licenced textbook or other open educational resource, you are free to adapt it to fit your learners\u2019 needs. In other words, you can adjust the resource to fit your course curriculum, not the other way round. Other reasons for revising an existing open work might be to:<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Address a particular teaching style or learning style<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"2\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Adjust for a different course or program<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"3\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Adapt for a different discipline<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Accommodate a different learning environment<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Address diversity needs<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Meet a cultural preference<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Meet a regional or national preference<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Make the material more accessible for people with disabilities<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Add material contributed by students or material suggested by students<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Translate the material into another language<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Correct errors or inaccuracies<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Update the book with current information<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Add more media or links to other resources<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"\u25cf\" data-font=\"Noto Sans Symbols\" data-listid=\"1\" data-aria-posinset=\"4\" data-aria-level=\"1\">Use only a portion of the book for a course<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"BCcampus. (2021). Reasons to adapt an open textbook. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/reasons-adapt\/\u202fCC BY 4.0\" id=\"return-footnote-59-2\" href=\"#footnote-59-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>When you have decided to adapt an OER, you need to make sure it is suitable for your needs. Here are a few steps you might take when evaluating an OER. If this process seems lengthy, think about the process you follow to review textbooks and other materials in your course. You can use a similar or modified evaluation process.<\/p>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<ol>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The content under consideration covers the subject area appropriately<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The content of the OER is accurate and free of major errors and spelling mistakes<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">An understanding of Creative Commons licence types will determine how content can be used or altered for course needs<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The OER is clearly written and appropriate for the students\u2019 level of understanding<\/li>\n<li data-leveltext=\"%1.\" data-font=\"Calibri\" data-listid=\"3\" data-aria-posinset=\"1\" data-aria-level=\"1\">The accessibility of the content is appropriate for all students<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Elder, A. (2022). Evaluate OER. https:\/\/instr.iastate.libguides.com\/oer\/evaluate CC BY 4.0\" id=\"return-footnote-59-3\" href=\"#footnote-59-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">See <\/span><a href=\"\/iotb\/chapter\/3-1-1-recognising-the-different-types-of-oer#evaluatingqualityoer\">Evaluating the quality of OER<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">for more information and rubrics.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1>Adapting an OER with correct attribution and licencing<\/h1>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<p>Adapting an OER can allow for a wide range of possibilities as the number, variety, and quality of OER available is such that any educator should be able to find resources they can readily (with or without modification) use within their classroom. Adapting existing OER will almost always be more efficient than creating teaching materials from scratch.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Moist, S. (2017). Adopt\/adapt vs creation. https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyoertoolkit\/chapter\/adopt-adapt-vs-creation\/ CC BY 4.0\" id=\"return-footnote-59-4\" href=\"#footnote-59-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h2>What can you change?<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"TextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\" data-ccp-parastyle-defn=\"{&quot;ObjectId&quot;:&quot;e6c81cd9-ecaa-4e53-81b5-1b41b8aaa9c8|152&quot;,&quot;ClassId&quot;:1073872969,&quot;Properties&quot;:[469775450,&quot;Normal0&quot;,201340122,&quot;2&quot;,134234082,&quot;true&quot;,134233614,&quot;true&quot;,469778129,&quot;Normal0&quot;,335572020,&quot;1&quot;,335559705,&quot;2057&quot;,469778325,&quot;[\\&quot;heading 10\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 20\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 30\\&quot;,\\&quot;header\\&quot;,\\&quot;footer\\&quot;,\\&quot;List Paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 1\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 2\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 3\\&quot;,\\&quot;cdt4ke\\&quot;,\\&quot;Normal (Web)\\&quot;,\\&quot;paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;annotation text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Balloon Text\\&quot;,\\&quot;endnote text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Subtitle\\&quot;]&quot;]}\">Anything and everything in an open textbook or resource can be changed if the conditions of the open licence are met.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Aesoph, L. M. (2016). Adaptation guide. https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/permission-to-adapt\/ \u00a0CC BY 4.0\" id=\"return-footnote-59-5\" href=\"#footnote-59-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><\/span><\/span> <span class=\"TextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"auto\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\" data-ccp-charstyle-defn=\"{&quot;ObjectId&quot;:&quot;e6c81cd9-ecaa-4e53-81b5-1b41b8aaa9c8|165&quot;,&quot;ClassId&quot;:1073872969,&quot;Properties&quot;:[469775450,&quot;normaltextrun&quot;,201340122,&quot;1&quot;,134233614,&quot;true&quot;,469778129,&quot;normaltextrun&quot;,335572020,&quot;1&quot;,469778324,&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;]}\">There are many resources including this work <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">that can help you adapt an existing OER<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">. <\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">Always ensure you check the licen<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">c<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">e on a resource before you start adapting it. Outlined below are some points covering <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_59_303\">attribution<\/a> and lice<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">nc<\/span><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW20985210 BCX2\" data-ccp-charstyle=\"normaltextrun\">ing to consider when looking to adapt an open resource.\u202f<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h2>Licences and permissions<\/h2>\n<div>\n<p>Works online are often protected by <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_59_254\">copyright<\/a>, but you can potentially adapt, modify, and reuse existing online content by looking out for Creative Commons licensed material.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">Works that fall within the <a class=\"glossary-term\" aria-haspopup=\"dialog\" aria-describedby=\"definition\" href=\"#term_59_316\">public domain<\/a> can also be adopted and reused without infringing copyright. See <a href=\"\/iotb\/chapter\/distinguish-between-materials-that-are-all-rights-reserved-in-the-public-domain-and-openly-licensed\/\">Distinguish Between Materials That Are All Rights Reserved In The Public Domain And Openly Licensed.<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">If you want to use materials that are not released under a Creative Commons licence or in the public domain, then you can try obtaining written permission from the copyright holder to use the material in your resource; be mindful that copyright holders may not approve the re-licensing of their works under a Creative Commons licence, or they may charge for the use.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">Written permission can be as simple as an email from the copyright owner confirming that you are allowed to use the material in the way you intend. When seeking permission, you need to make it clear that your resulting work will be licensed under a Creative Commons licence, you also need to ensure you provide the original copyright holder all necessary information to make an informed decision in granting permission. This would normally include how you intend to use the work, any changes or adaptions you intend to make, and the terms of the Creative Commons licence you will licence your work under.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Smartcopying. (2021). Permissions. https:\/\/smartcopying.edu.au\/guidelines\/permissions-and-consents\/permissions\/ CC BY 4.0\" id=\"return-footnote-59-6\" href=\"#footnote-59-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">If permission is granted by a third party to use their material in your OER, but not licence their contribution as Creative Commons, you will need to ensure that it is clearly marked and it has been included with the permission of the rightsholder. The content should be labelled as <strong>\u201cReproduced with Permission\u201d<\/strong> with the rightsholder\u2019s preferred attribution style included. This will assist users downstream who wish to adapt your work by making it clear that the material in question is NOT Creative Commons.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">There are many different <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/copyright\/free_stuff\">places where you can search<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> for openly licensed material <a class=\"footnote\" title=\"RMIT University Library. (2021). Copyright guide. https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/copyright\/free_stuff\" id=\"return-footnote-59-7\" href=\"#footnote-59-7\" aria-label=\"Footnote 7\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[7]<\/sup><\/a> including <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/openeducationalresources\/imagesandvideos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open images<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> to use in your OER. Additionally, Google images allows you to filter results by Creative Commons licence if you select Tools &gt; Usage Rights. When gathering images, keep track of attribution information to make creating <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubc.ca\/Documentation:Open_Resource_Working_Group\/Publishing_Guide\/Textbook_Outline\">front and back matter<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"University of British Columbia. (2021). Documentation: Open textbook publishing guide\/textbook outline. https:\/\/wiki.ubc.ca\/Documentation:Open_Textbook_Publishing_Guide\/Textbook_Outline\" id=\"return-footnote-59-8\" href=\"#footnote-59-8\" aria-label=\"Footnote 8\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[8]<\/sup><\/a> pages easier. Also, make sure that any images conform to accessibility guidelines.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">See <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"\/iotb\/chapter\/accessibility-and-oer\/\">Accessibility <\/a>\u00a0<span style=\"color: #000000\">for more information.<\/span><\/div>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">When searching for videos, you can identify Creative Commons content by using filters. For example,\u00a0 you can filter your YouTube search to include videos with a Creative Commons licence or search within specific <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/openeducationalresources\/imagesandvideos\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">open educational resource repositories<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. Before using a video, you need to review the content for potential infringement &#8211; refer to the Australian Copyright Council\u2019s guidelines on Video Uploads &amp; Copyright.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Australian Copyright Council. (2019). Video uploads &amp; copyright: YouTube, Vimeo, Facebook etc. https:\/\/www.copyright.org.au\/browse\/book\/ACC-Video-Uploads-&amp;-Copyright:-YouTube,-Vimeo,-Facebook-etc.-INFO117\" id=\"return-footnote-59-9\" href=\"#footnote-59-9\" aria-label=\"Footnote 9\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[9]<\/sup><\/a><br \/>\n<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-59-1\">Creative Commons. (n.d.). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Attibution-NoDerivatives 4.0 international<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/legalcode\">https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nd\/4.0\/legalcode<\/a> <a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-2\">BCcampus. (2021). <em>Reasons to adapt an open textbook<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/reasons-adapt\/\">https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/reasons-adapt\/<\/a>\u202f<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-3\">Elder, A. (2022). <em>Evaluate OER<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/instr.iastate.libguides.com\/oer\/evaluate\">https:\/\/instr.iastate.libguides.com\/oer\/evaluate<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-4\">Moist, S. (2017). <em>Adopt\/adapt vs creation<\/em>. <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyoertoolkit\/chapter\/adopt-adapt-vs-creation\/\">https:\/\/pressbooks.bccampus.ca\/facultyoertoolkit\/chapter\/adopt-adapt-vs-creation\/<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-5\"><span class=\"TextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\" data-ccp-parastyle-defn=\"{&quot;ObjectId&quot;:&quot;3c190d6c-cc20-4fc3-839e-24f3a75d9b73|152&quot;,&quot;ClassId&quot;:1073872969,&quot;Properties&quot;:&#91;469775450,&quot;Normal0&quot;,201340122,&quot;2&quot;,134234082,&quot;true&quot;,134233614,&quot;true&quot;,469778129,&quot;Normal0&quot;,335572020,&quot;1&quot;,335559705,&quot;2057&quot;,469778325,&quot;&#91;\\&quot;heading 10\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 20\\&quot;,\\&quot;heading 30\\&quot;,\\&quot;header\\&quot;,\\&quot;footer\\&quot;,\\&quot;List Paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 1\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 2\\&quot;,\\&quot;toc 3\\&quot;,\\&quot;cdt4ke\\&quot;,\\&quot;Normal (Web)\\&quot;,\\&quot;paragraph\\&quot;,\\&quot;annotation text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Balloon Text\\&quot;,\\&quot;endnote text\\&quot;,\\&quot;Subtitle\\&quot;&#93;&quot;&#93;}\">Aesoph, L. M. (2016). <\/span><\/span><em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\">Adaptation guide<\/span><\/span><\/em><span class=\"TextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" lang=\"EN-AU\" xml:lang=\"EN-AU\" data-contrast=\"none\"><span class=\"NormalTextRun SCXW160239878 BCX2\" data-ccp-parastyle=\"Normal0\">. <\/span><\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/permission-to-adapt\/\">https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/adaptopentextbook\/chapter\/permission-to-adapt\/ <\/a>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-6\">Smartcopying. (2021). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Permissions<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/smartcopying.edu.au\/guidelines\/permissions-and-consents\/permissions\/\">https:\/\/smartcopying.edu.au\/guidelines\/permissions-and-consents\/permissions\/<\/a> <a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">CC BY 4.0<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-7\">RMIT University Library. (2021). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Copyright guide<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/copyright\/free_stuff\">https:\/\/rmit.libguides.com\/copyright\/free_stuff<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-7\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 7\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-8\">University of British Columbia. (2021). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Documentation: Open textbook publishing guide\/textbook outline<\/em><span style=\"font-size: 1em\">. <\/span><a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/wiki.ubc.ca\/Documentation:Open_Textbook_Publishing_Guide\/Textbook_Outline\">https:\/\/wiki.ubc.ca\/Documentation:Open_Textbook_Publishing_Guide\/Textbook_Outline<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-8\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 8\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-59-9\">Australian Copyright Council. (2019). <\/span><em style=\"font-size: 1em\">Video uploads &amp; copyright: YouTube, Vimeo, Facebook etc.<\/em> <a style=\"font-size: 1em\" href=\"https:\/\/www.copyright.org.au\/browse\/book\/ACC-Video-Uploads-&amp;-Copyright:-YouTube,-Vimeo,-Facebook-etc.-INFO117\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.copyright.org.au\/browse\/book\/ACC-Video-Uploads-&amp;-Copyright:-YouTube,-Vimeo,-Facebook-etc.-INFO117<\/a><span style=\"font-size: 1em\"> <a href=\"#return-footnote-59-9\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 9\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div><div class=\"glossary\"><span class=\"screen-reader-text\" id=\"definition\">definition<\/span><template id=\"term_59_314\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_59_314\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>An openly licensed and free to access textbook; an OER meant to be used as a textbook for a course. (<a href=\"https:\/\/iastate.pressbooks.pub\/oerstarterkit\/\" target=\"_blank\">\"The OER Starter Kit \"<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"\">Abbey Elder<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_59_305\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_59_305\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A set of open licenses that allow creators to clearly mark how others can reuse their work through a set of four badge-like components: Attribution, Share-Alike, Non-Commercial, and No Derivatives. (<a href=\"https:\/\/iastate.pressbooks.pub\/oerstarterkit\/\" target=\"_blank\">\"The OER Starter Kit \"<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"\">Abbey Elder<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_59_303\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_59_303\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>The process by which a content user gives proper credit to the original creator of a work when a portion of that work is reused or adopted outside of its original context. Attribution typically includes a link to the original work and information about the author and license. ( Adapted from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Main_Page\" target=\"_blank\">\"Wikipedia\"<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\/\" target=\"_blank\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_59_254\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_59_254\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><\/div><button><span aria-hidden=\"true\">&times;<\/span><span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Close definition<\/span><\/button><\/div><\/template><template id=\"term_59_316\"><div class=\"glossary__definition\" role=\"dialog\" data-id=\"term_59_316\"><div tabindex=\"-1\"><p>A work which is not covered under copyright law, whose copyright has expired, or which has been dedicated to the public domain by its rightsholder is said to be in the public domain. 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