{"id":270,"date":"2018-06-11T16:16:58","date_gmt":"2018-06-11T16:16:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/chapter\/multimedia-2\/"},"modified":"2024-09-19T04:15:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-19T04:15:45","slug":"multimedia-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/chapter\/multimedia-2\/","title":{"raw":"Multimedia","rendered":"Multimedia"},"content":{"raw":"In this section, we provide recommendations to guide your inclusion of accessible multimedia content.\n<h1>What are multimedia?<\/h1>\nThe term multimedia refers to a variety of ways, or media, used to communicate information, such as\u00a0videos, audio,\u00a0animations, and slideshows.\n\n<strong>File types used<\/strong>: MP3, MP4, PPT\n<h1>What types of multimedia are you including?<\/h1>\nBefore you can determine what you need to do to make media accessible, you must understand what is required for different types of multimedia. Consider the following questions:\n<ol>\n \t<li>Does your multimedia resource include audio narration or instructions? If so, you should:\n<ul>\n \t<li>provide a complete <a title=\"Transcript of all speech content and relevant non-speech content\" href=\"#transcripts\">transcript<\/a>\u00a0of all speech content and relevant non-speech content in the resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Does your multimedia resource include audio that is synchronized with a video presentation? If so, you should:\n<ul>\n \t<li>provide <a title=\"Captions of all speech content and relevant non-speech content\" href=\"#captions\">captions <\/a>of all speech content and relevant non-speech content in the resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n \t<li>Does your multimedia resource include contextual visuals (e.g., charts, graphs) that are not addressed in the spoken content? If so, you should:\n<ul>\n \t<li>provide <a title=\"Audio Descriptions of relevant visual materials\" href=\"#AudioDesc\">audio descriptions <\/a>of relevant visual materials in the resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1>Who are you doing this for?<\/h1>\nThis work supports students who:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Are deaf or hard of hearing, like <a title=\"Full description of Steven's profile\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Steven\">Steven<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li>Are blind or have low vision, like <a title=\"Full description of Jacob's profile\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a><\/li>\n \t<li>Have a form of\u00a0cognitive disability<\/li>\n \t<li>Are in a location where they cannot play or hear audio<\/li>\n \t<li>Are not native-English speakers and need written-word formats to support understanding<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2018\/06\/Steven.jpg\"><img src=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/183\/2018\/06\/Steven-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Steven is deaf\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-269 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\"><\/a>\n\n<hr>\n\n<h1>What do you need to do?<\/h1>\nMany types of multimedia present information in a non-text manner. For students unable to use the original version of these formats, providing text as a transcript, caption, or written description gives them access.\n<h1><a id=\"transcripts\" href=\"\"><\/a>Transcripts<\/h1>\nConsider what your students would get out of your multimedia resource if they were not able to hear the audio portion, or if they had difficulty understanding the spoken word. A text transcript provides students with equivalent information to the audio content in a multimedia resource.[footnote]\"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0: Guideline 1.2,\"\u00a0<em>W3C<\/em>, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/#media-equiv (accessed April 17, 2018).[\/footnote]\n\nAs you work on developing a text transcript, keep in mind the following recommendations about what to include:\n<ul>\n \t<li>Speaker\u2019s name<\/li>\n \t<li>All speech content. If there is speech that is not relevant, it is usually best to indicate that it has been excluded from the transcript, e.g., \u201c[A &amp; B chatted while slides were loading].\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li>Relevant descriptions about the speech. Descriptions that convey emotions and mood are usually provided in brackets, e.g., \u201cDon\u2019t touch that! [shouted].\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li>Descriptions of relevant non-speech audio. These are usually provided in brackets, e.g., \u201c[metal pipes crashing to concrete floor].\u201d\u00a0Background noise that isn\u2019t relevant can be left out.<\/li>\n \t<li>Headings and sub-headings. Headings help when they make a transcript more usable or easy to navigate, especially when the transcript is long. When included, put headings in brackets to show they were not part of the original audio, e.g., [Introduction]; [Group Discussion]; [Case Study].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Transcripts and Third-Party Videos<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nIf you are not producing your own video resource\u00a0but are planning to embed video materials from a\u00a0third-party source (e.g., YouTube), be aware that not all third-party videos include transcripts. While services like YouTube technically support transcripts, not all of their contributors include them. If you select a video resource that does not already\u00a0have a transcript, you will need to produce one yourself.\n\nCreating a transcript for a third-party video might infringe on copyright, depending on how the video has been licensed. Before producing a\u00a0transcript for media materials you did not create, contact the copyright holder of that material for permission to do so. (See information about using <a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/pressbooks\/chapter\/videos-audio-interactive-media\/#youtube\">YouTube in Pressbooks<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/pressbooks\/\"><em>Pressbooks Guide<\/em><\/a>.)\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"captions\" href=\"\"><\/a>Captions<\/h1>\nCaptions are the text that is synchronized with the audio in a video presentation. Captions are important when people need to see what's happening in the video and get the audio information in text at the same time.\n\nThe work you put into creating a text transcript for a video resource\u00a0can be\u00a0repurposed to provide captions. Keep in mind the following recommendations about what to include in your captions:\n<ul>\n \t<li>All speech content. If there is speech that is not relevant, it is usually best to indicate that it has been excluded from the captions, e.g., \u201c[A &amp; B chatted while slides were loading].\u201d<\/li>\n \t<li>Descriptions of relevant non-speech audio. These are usually provided in brackets, e.g., \u201c[metal pipes crashing to concrete floor]\u201d; \u201c[background music by XXX plays].\u201d Background noise that isn\u2019t relevant can be left out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><a id=\"AudioDesc\" href=\"\"><\/a>Audio descriptions<\/h1>\nConsider what your students would get out of a multimedia resource if they were not able to see embedded visual materials critical for comprehension. Audio descriptions are helpful if visual content (e.g., a chart or map)\u00a0in a video or presentation\u00a0provides important context that is not available through the audio alone.[footnote]\"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0: Guideline 1.2.3,\" <em>W3C<\/em>,\u00a0accessed April 17, 2018, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/#media-equiv.[\/footnote]\n\nWhen describing visual elements in your multimedia resources, keep in mind the following recommendations and guidelines:\n<ul>\n \t<li>When contextual visual content on the screen is not described in the audio itself, you will need to provide an objective audio description of the visual element.<\/li>\n \t<li>Whenever possible, avoid creating the need for audio descriptions in the first place by being proactive at the time of recording. If you pay\u00a0attention to contextual visuals while recording, you may find opportunities to convey the visual content with the accompanying spoken material instead of inserting audio descriptions of the visual content after the fact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Example 1<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nTo help students fully grasp a concept that you are trying to convey in your video, you have included some contextual visual references (e.g., maps, charts, physical demonstrations of a process). However, you realize, after making the video, that the audio portion does not describe these visuals\u00a0in enough detail for a student, like <a class=\"internal\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a>, to be able to access all of the concepts you intended to convey.\n\nIn this case, you would need to record\u00a0an audio description of the visual material that provides enough detail so students, like <a class=\"internal\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a>, have the same content available to visual learners.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Example 2<\/p>\n\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n\nYou are recording a video or presentation that includes a chart that tracks coal production in British Columbia, and as part of the presentation you want to focus on specific data in the chart. The narrator or presenter might point to sections on the chart and say:\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\"<em>As you can see, metallurgical coal projection increased by three million tonnes over these two years.<\/em>\"<\/p>\nIn this case, audio descriptions would be necessary to provide the missing context to students with visual disabilities; these students cannot see the data on the chart that tells visual learners what the production figures are and for what dates. However, if the narrator or presenter instead says:\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">\"<em>This chart illustrates that metallurgical coal production in B.C. increased from 23 million tonnes in 1999 to 26 million tonnes in 2001,\"<\/em><\/p>\nthe visual content is conveyed through the audio and no audio description will be necessary.\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Media Attributions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n \t<li>Steven: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rosenfeldmedia\/11496879803\/in\/album-72157638911360206\/\">WFE005: Steven<\/a>\u201d\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rosenfeldmedia\/\">Rosenfeld Media<\/a>\u00a0is used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic Licence<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<p>In this section, we provide recommendations to guide your inclusion of accessible multimedia content.<\/p>\n<h1>What are multimedia?<\/h1>\n<p>The term multimedia refers to a variety of ways, or media, used to communicate information, such as\u00a0videos, audio,\u00a0animations, and slideshows.<\/p>\n<p><strong>File types used<\/strong>: MP3, MP4, PPT<\/p>\n<h1>What types of multimedia are you including?<\/h1>\n<p>Before you can determine what you need to do to make media accessible, you must understand what is required for different types of multimedia. Consider the following questions:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>Does your multimedia resource include audio narration or instructions? If so, you should:\n<ul>\n<li>provide a complete <a title=\"Transcript of all speech content and relevant non-speech content\" href=\"#transcripts\">transcript<\/a>\u00a0of all speech content and relevant non-speech content in the resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Does your multimedia resource include audio that is synchronized with a video presentation? If so, you should:\n<ul>\n<li>provide <a title=\"Captions of all speech content and relevant non-speech content\" href=\"#captions\">captions <\/a>of all speech content and relevant non-speech content in the resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Does your multimedia resource include contextual visuals (e.g., charts, graphs) that are not addressed in the spoken content? If so, you should:\n<ul>\n<li>provide <a title=\"Audio Descriptions of relevant visual materials\" href=\"#AudioDesc\">audio descriptions <\/a>of relevant visual materials in the resource<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h1>Who are you doing this for?<\/h1>\n<p>This work supports students who:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Are deaf or hard of hearing, like <a title=\"Full description of Steven's profile\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Steven\">Steven<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Are blind or have low vision, like <a title=\"Full description of Jacob's profile\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a><\/li>\n<li>Have a form of\u00a0cognitive disability<\/li>\n<li>Are in a location where they cannot play or hear audio<\/li>\n<li>Are not native-English speakers and need written-word formats to support understanding<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/94\/2018\/06\/Steven.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/183\/2018\/06\/Steven-300x225.jpg\" alt=\"Steven is deaf\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-269 size-medium\" width=\"300\" height=\"225\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/183\/2018\/06\/Steven-300x225.jpg 300w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/183\/2018\/06\/Steven-65x49.jpg 65w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/183\/2018\/06\/Steven-225x169.jpg 225w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/183\/2018\/06\/Steven-350x263.jpg 350w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/183\/2018\/06\/Steven.jpg 640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h1>What do you need to do?<\/h1>\n<p>Many types of multimedia present information in a non-text manner. For students unable to use the original version of these formats, providing text as a transcript, caption, or written description gives them access.<\/p>\n<h1><a id=\"transcripts\" href=\"\"><\/a>Transcripts<\/h1>\n<p>Consider what your students would get out of your multimedia resource if they were not able to hear the audio portion, or if they had difficulty understanding the spoken word. A text transcript provides students with equivalent information to the audio content in a multimedia resource.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0: Guideline 1.2,&quot;\u00a0W3C, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/#media-equiv (accessed April 17, 2018).\" id=\"return-footnote-270-1\" href=\"#footnote-270-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>As you work on developing a text transcript, keep in mind the following recommendations about what to include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Speaker\u2019s name<\/li>\n<li>All speech content. If there is speech that is not relevant, it is usually best to indicate that it has been excluded from the transcript, e.g., \u201c[A &amp; B chatted while slides were loading].\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Relevant descriptions about the speech. Descriptions that convey emotions and mood are usually provided in brackets, e.g., \u201cDon\u2019t touch that! [shouted].\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Descriptions of relevant non-speech audio. These are usually provided in brackets, e.g., \u201c[metal pipes crashing to concrete floor].\u201d\u00a0Background noise that isn\u2019t relevant can be left out.<\/li>\n<li>Headings and sub-headings. Headings help when they make a transcript more usable or easy to navigate, especially when the transcript is long. When included, put headings in brackets to show they were not part of the original audio, e.g., [Introduction]; [Group Discussion]; [Case Study].<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Transcripts and Third-Party Videos<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>If you are not producing your own video resource\u00a0but are planning to embed video materials from a\u00a0third-party source (e.g., YouTube), be aware that not all third-party videos include transcripts. While services like YouTube technically support transcripts, not all of their contributors include them. If you select a video resource that does not already\u00a0have a transcript, you will need to produce one yourself.<\/p>\n<p>Creating a transcript for a third-party video might infringe on copyright, depending on how the video has been licensed. Before producing a\u00a0transcript for media materials you did not create, contact the copyright holder of that material for permission to do so. (See information about using <a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/pressbooks\/chapter\/videos-audio-interactive-media\/#youtube\">YouTube in Pressbooks<\/a> in the <a href=\"https:\/\/opentextbc.ca\/pressbooks\/\"><em>Pressbooks Guide<\/em><\/a>.)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><a id=\"captions\" href=\"\"><\/a>Captions<\/h1>\n<p>Captions are the text that is synchronized with the audio in a video presentation. Captions are important when people need to see what&#8217;s happening in the video and get the audio information in text at the same time.<\/p>\n<p>The work you put into creating a text transcript for a video resource\u00a0can be\u00a0repurposed to provide captions. Keep in mind the following recommendations about what to include in your captions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>All speech content. If there is speech that is not relevant, it is usually best to indicate that it has been excluded from the captions, e.g., \u201c[A &amp; B chatted while slides were loading].\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Descriptions of relevant non-speech audio. These are usually provided in brackets, e.g., \u201c[metal pipes crashing to concrete floor]\u201d; \u201c[background music by XXX plays].\u201d Background noise that isn\u2019t relevant can be left out.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1><a id=\"AudioDesc\" href=\"\"><\/a>Audio descriptions<\/h1>\n<p>Consider what your students would get out of a multimedia resource if they were not able to see embedded visual materials critical for comprehension. Audio descriptions are helpful if visual content (e.g., a chart or map)\u00a0in a video or presentation\u00a0provides important context that is not available through the audio alone.<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"&quot;Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0: Guideline 1.2.3,&quot; W3C,\u00a0accessed April 17, 2018, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/#media-equiv.\" id=\"return-footnote-270-2\" href=\"#footnote-270-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>When describing visual elements in your multimedia resources, keep in mind the following recommendations and guidelines:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When contextual visual content on the screen is not described in the audio itself, you will need to provide an objective audio description of the visual element.<\/li>\n<li>Whenever possible, avoid creating the need for audio descriptions in the first place by being proactive at the time of recording. If you pay\u00a0attention to contextual visuals while recording, you may find opportunities to convey the visual content with the accompanying spoken material instead of inserting audio descriptions of the visual content after the fact.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Example 1<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>To help students fully grasp a concept that you are trying to convey in your video, you have included some contextual visual references (e.g., maps, charts, physical demonstrations of a process). However, you realize, after making the video, that the audio portion does not describe these visuals\u00a0in enough detail for a student, like <a class=\"internal\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a>, to be able to access all of the concepts you intended to convey.<\/p>\n<p>In this case, you would need to record\u00a0an audio description of the visual material that provides enough detail so students, like <a class=\"internal\" href=\"\/\/chapter\/using-personas\/#Jacob\">Jacob<\/a>, have the same content available to visual learners.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Example 2<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>You are recording a video or presentation that includes a chart that tracks coal production in British Columbia, and as part of the presentation you want to focus on specific data in the chart. The narrator or presenter might point to sections on the chart and say:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8220;<em>As you can see, metallurgical coal projection increased by three million tonnes over these two years.<\/em>&#8220;<\/p>\n<p>In this case, audio descriptions would be necessary to provide the missing context to students with visual disabilities; these students cannot see the data on the chart that tells visual learners what the production figures are and for what dates. However, if the narrator or presenter instead says:<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center\">&#8220;<em>This chart illustrates that metallurgical coal production in B.C. increased from 23 million tonnes in 1999 to 26 million tonnes in 2001,&#8221;<\/em><\/p>\n<p>the visual content is conveyed through the audio and no audio description will be necessary.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Media Attributions<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>Steven: \u201c<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rosenfeldmedia\/11496879803\/in\/album-72157638911360206\/\">WFE005: Steven<\/a>\u201d\u00a0by\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/www.flickr.com\/photos\/rosenfeldmedia\/\">Rosenfeld Media<\/a>\u00a0is used under a\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution 2.0 Generic Licence<\/a>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"media-attributions clear\" prefix:cc=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/ns#\" prefix:dc=\"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/\"><h3>Media Attributions<\/h3><ul><li >Steven       <\/li><\/ul><\/div><hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-270-1\">\"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0: Guideline 1.2,\"\u00a0<em>W3C<\/em>, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/#media-equiv (accessed April 17, 2018). <a href=\"#return-footnote-270-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-270-2\">\"Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0: Guideline 1.2.3,\" <em>W3C<\/em>,\u00a0accessed April 17, 2018, http:\/\/www.w3.org\/TR\/WCAG20\/#media-equiv. <a href=\"#return-footnote-270-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":1,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"","pb_short_title":"Multi-media","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["acoolidge","sdoner","trobertson","jgray"],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[81,84,82,83],"license":[],"class_list":["post-270","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-acoolidge","contributor-jgray","contributor-sdoner","contributor-trobertson"],"part":244,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":271,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270\/revisions\/271"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/244"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=270"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=270"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/iotb\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}