{"id":64,"date":"2023-12-04T03:13:37","date_gmt":"2023-12-04T03:13:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/chapter\/topic-1-2\/"},"modified":"2024-09-18T01:49:25","modified_gmt":"2024-09-18T01:49:25","slug":"topic-1-2","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/chapter\/topic-1-2\/","title":{"raw":"Nature of Culture","rendered":"Nature of Culture"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>Nature of Culture<\/h1>\r\n<img class=\" wp-image-292 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2023\/12\/Sabah-Dayak-Nature-of-Culture.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"596\" height=\"397\" \/>\r\n\r\n<a style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wallpaperflare.com\/culture-dayak-kalimantan-borneo-traditional-exotic-nature-wallpaper-gavbz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adopted by \"The Nature of Culture Dayak Khalimantan\"<\/a><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">\u00a0by\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">Wallpaper Flare<\/a><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>\r\n\r\nOn their own, humans are not very good at surviving. Humans have weak muscles relative to their size and even the few they have are not very agile. They lack a strong hide and do not have much fur. In fact, humans are physically inferior to nearly every other species on the planet. The evolutionary trait that humans have grown to compensate for this physical weakness is culture. Culture provides humans with the knowledge of how to survive in their environment. Methods for food-getting and creating shelter are purely cultural traits- humans are not born with this knowledge.\r\n\r\nBecause environments change over time, the culture living in that environment, too, must change over time. Because cultures must constantly adapt to meet the changing needs of societies, cultures are dynamic systems. Anthropologists often take this into account and periodically update ethnographies with an extra chapter dedicated to changes in the culture since the ethnography was written.\r\n<h1>Definition of Culture<\/h1>\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=S258bwp0sJY[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=S258bwp0sJY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Definition of Culture\"<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a>capesociologytutor<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSource adapted from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/IB_Cultural_Anthropology\/The_Nature_of_Culture\/Adaptation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"The Nature of Culture\"<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a>WikiMedia Project<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a>\r\n<p class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\">And an anthropologist would look at that and study their ways to learn from them.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"glossarizer_replaced\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture\u00a0is:<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Learned<\/b> through active teaching, and passive habitus.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Shared<\/b>\u00a0meaning that it defines a group and meets common needs.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Patterned<\/b>\u00a0meaning that that there is a recourse of similar ideas. Related cultural beliefs and practices show up repeatedly in different areas of social life.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\">\r\n<div class=\"glossarizer_replaced\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><strong>Adaptive<\/strong> <span style=\"font-size: 1em;\">which helps individuals meet needs across variable environments.<\/span><\/div><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Symbolic<\/b>\u00a0which means that there are simple and arbitrary signs that represent something else, something more.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSource adapted from <a href=\"https:\/\/socialsci.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Anthropology\/Cultural_Anthropology\/Cultural_Anthropology_(Evans)\/01%3A_What_is_Anthropology\/1.04%3A_What_is_Culture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\"Cuture\"<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a>Lumen Learning<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a>","rendered":"<h1>Nature of Culture<\/h1>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-292 aligncenter\" src=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/118\/2023\/12\/Sabah-Dayak-Nature-of-Culture.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"596\" height=\"397\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.wallpaperflare.com\/culture-dayak-kalimantan-borneo-traditional-exotic-nature-wallpaper-gavbz\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Adopted by &#8220;The Nature of Culture Dayak Khalimantan&#8221;<\/a><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">\u00a0by\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">Wallpaper Flare<\/a><span style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\">\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<\/span><a style=\"text-align: initial; font-size: 1em;\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>On their own, humans are not very good at surviving. Humans have weak muscles relative to their size and even the few they have are not very agile. They lack a strong hide and do not have much fur. In fact, humans are physically inferior to nearly every other species on the planet. The evolutionary trait that humans have grown to compensate for this physical weakness is culture. Culture provides humans with the knowledge of how to survive in their environment. Methods for food-getting and creating shelter are purely cultural traits- humans are not born with this knowledge.<\/p>\n<p>Because environments change over time, the culture living in that environment, too, must change over time. Because cultures must constantly adapt to meet the changing needs of societies, cultures are dynamic systems. Anthropologists often take this into account and periodically update ethnographies with an extra chapter dedicated to changes in the culture since the ethnography was written.<\/p>\n<h1>Definition of Culture<\/h1>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"What Is Culture? | Definition of Culture |\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/S258bwp0sJY?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=S258bwp0sJY\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;Definition of Culture&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a>capesociologytutor<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Source adapted from <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikibooks.org\/wiki\/IB_Cultural_Anthropology\/The_Nature_of_Culture\/Adaptation\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;The Nature of Culture&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a>WikiMedia Project<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/3.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 3.0<\/a><\/p>\n<p class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\">And an anthropologist would look at that and study their ways to learn from them.<\/p>\n<div class=\"glossarizer_replaced\" aria-expanded=\"false\">Culture\u00a0is:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Learned<\/b> through active teaching, and passive habitus.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Shared<\/b>\u00a0meaning that it defines a group and meets common needs.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Patterned<\/b>\u00a0meaning that that there is a recourse of similar ideas. Related cultural beliefs and practices show up repeatedly in different areas of social life.<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\">\n<div class=\"glossarizer_replaced\" aria-expanded=\"false\"><strong>Adaptive<\/strong> <span style=\"font-size: 1em;\">which helps individuals meet needs across variable environments.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li class=\"lt-socialsci-5566\"><b>Symbolic<\/b>\u00a0which means that there are simple and arbitrary signs that represent something else, something more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Source adapted from <a href=\"https:\/\/socialsci.libretexts.org\/Bookshelves\/Anthropology\/Cultural_Anthropology\/Cultural_Anthropology_(Evans)\/01%3A_What_is_Anthropology\/1.04%3A_What_is_Culture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">&#8220;Cuture&#8221;<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0<a>Lumen Learning<\/a>\u00a0is licensed under\u00a0<a href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-sa\/4.0\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":28,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":["nor-azma-binti-rahlin"],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-sa"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[61],"license":[54],"class_list":["post-64","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-nor-azma-binti-rahlin","license-cc-by-sa"],"part":59,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/28"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":150,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/revisions\/150"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/59"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/64\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=64"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=64"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/internationalmanagement\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=64"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}