{"id":226,"date":"2024-10-02T02:59:42","date_gmt":"2024-10-02T02:59:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/essentialsofdatavisualizationwithtableau\/chapter\/chapter-6-other-charts\/"},"modified":"2024-10-10T07:52:46","modified_gmt":"2024-10-10T07:52:46","slug":"chapter-6-other-charts","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/essentialsofdatavisualizationwithtableau\/chapter\/chapter-6-other-charts\/","title":{"raw":"OTHER CHARTS","rendered":"OTHER CHARTS"},"content":{"raw":"
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\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n

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By the end of this chapter, readers will be able to:<\/p>\r\n\r\n

    \r\n \t
  • Construct scatter plots using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct donut charts using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct crosstabs using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct tree maps using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct geo maps using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct word clouds using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct dual graphs using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct calendar heatmaps using Tableau<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Construct bump charts using Tableau<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
<\/td>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n

<\/a>Default Chart Options<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

Tableau provides several default chart options beyond the traditional bar graph. You can access the list of default charts available in the Tableau environment by clicking on the Show Me<\/strong> button located at the top right corner of the worksheet. Some of the default chart options in Tableau include pie charts, geographic maps, scatter plots, histograms, bullet graphs, treemaps, and bubble graphs.<\/p>\r\n\"\"\r\n

The types or number of the data fields required to build each of these charts can be seen when the users mouse over the related chart icon. For example, mousing over the pie chart icon reveals that Tableau requires at least 1 or more-dimension fields and 1 or 2 measure fields to construct a proper pie chart.<\/p>\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\n \r\n

<\/a>Scatter Plot<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

A scatter plot is useful when users wish to explore the relationship between two continuous fields. For example, a scatter plot can be used to examine the relationship between spending on social media advertisements and the profit earned, to determine whether higher spending correlates with higher profit.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 23<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Plot the data of total sales and profit according to quarter and year. Name the chart VIZ 18<\/strong>. Describe the relationship that you notice.<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise<\/strong> 23<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1: Drop the S<\/strong>ales<\/strong> field to the Columns<\/strong> shelf and the P<\/strong>rofit<\/strong> field to the R<\/strong>ow<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 2: Drop the O<\/strong>rder <\/strong>D<\/strong>ate<\/strong> field to the D<\/strong>etail<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. Expand the O<\/strong>rder <\/strong>D<\/strong>ate<\/strong> by quarter and year.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 3: A detailed scatter plot has been created to show sales and profit by quarter and year. The plot indicates a positive correlation between sales and profit, suggesting that profit tends to increase as sales rise.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Donut Chart<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

A donut chart is a variation of a pie chart, but with a blank space in the centre, allowing the users to add summary information in the hollow space. Similar to a pie chart, it can be used to represent the data of different dimension items, with summary data made available in the centre space to provide additional information for the audience. For example, users might use a donut chart to visualize the article publications of different faculties within a university, and the central space of a donut chart can be used to display the total publications.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 24<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Create a donut chart where the outer ring displays sales by region, and the centre shows the overall sales. Name the donut chart VIZ 19<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 24<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1 \u2013 Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 19<\/strong>. Create a constant field with the value \"0\". To do so, click Create Calculated Field, name it Zero<\/strong> and enter the value in the calculation space before clicking Apply<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 2 \u2013 Drag and drop the newly created Zero<\/strong> field onto the Row<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 3 - Switch the view from the Standard<\/strong> to the Entire View<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 4 \u2013 Switch the type of marks to Pie.<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 5 \u2013 Drag and drop the Zero<\/strong> field onto the Row<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf once more to generate an additional axis and pie chart.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 6: Click the Marks<\/strong> shelf of the first pie chart and adjust the size of the pie chart so that it appears slightly larger than the second one.<\/p>\r\n\"\"\r\n

Step 7: In the same M<\/strong>ark<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf, drop the Region<\/strong> field to the Colour<\/strong> card, and the Sales<\/strong> field to the S<\/strong>ize <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. At the same time, drop both Region<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> to the L<\/strong>abel <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 8: Switch to the second Mark<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf and adjust the size of the second pie chart as needed, making sure it does not exceed the size of the first pie chart. Additionally, change the colour of the second pie chart to white using the Colour<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 9: Right-click the axis of the second pie chart. Choose Dual Axis<\/strong> to merge both pie charts.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 10 \u2013 Click on the Marks<\/strong> shelf of the second pie chart again. Then, drag the Sales<\/strong> field to the Label Card<\/strong> to show the figure in the centre.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 11: Edit the Label<\/strong> to add the term \u201cTotal\u201d before the sales figure.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Crosstab<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

A crosstab, also known as a pivot table, is ideal for summarizing data across two dimensions. For example, it can be used to summarize sales by region and product category in a tabular format. Typically, the data in a crosstab is presented as percentages, which helps provide clearer insights into proportions and relative importance. Tableau offers functionality to enhance crosstabs by adding grand totals to columns or rows through the Total<\/strong> option in the Analysis<\/strong> menu. Additionally, you can easily convert the data into percentages relative to the column, row, or grand total using the Percentage Of<\/strong> feature also found under Analysis<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 24<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Create a table that summarizes the sales data by region and product category. Name it VIZ 20<\/strong>. Arrange the regions as columns and the product categories as rows. Include a grand total for each region. Additionally, calculate the percentage of sales attributed to furniture items relative to the total sales in the Central region.<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 24<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1: Place the Region<\/strong> field on the Columns<\/strong> shelf and the Category<\/strong> field on the Rows<\/strong> shelf. Drop the Sales<\/strong> field to the Label <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong> to create the crosstab. Rename the worksheet to VIZ 20<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 2: In the toolbar, click on Analysis<\/strong>, select Totals<\/strong>, and then choose Show Column Grand Totals<\/strong> to display the total sales for each region.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 3: In the toolbar, click on Analysis<\/strong>, select Percentage Of<\/strong>, and then choose Column<\/strong> to convert the existing crosstab into a column-based percentage crosstab.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 4: Based on the percentage crosstab, we can conclude that 32.68% of the total sales in the Central region was contributed by furniture items.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Tree <\/strong>M<\/strong>ap<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

A tree map is a visualization chart used to display hierarchical (tree-structured) data using nested rectangles. Each rectangle represents a category or subcategory, and the size and colour of the rectangles provide insights into the data.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 25<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Generate a tree map displaying sales data by product categories and sub-categories. Rename the tree map to VIZ 21<\/strong>. What insights can you derive from the tree map?<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 25<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and rename it VIZ 21<\/strong>. Click all three fields in the D<\/strong>ata <\/strong>P<\/strong>ane<\/strong> section by holding the Ctrl<\/strong> button: Category<\/strong>, Sub-Category<\/strong>, and Sales<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

Step 2: Under Show Me<\/strong>, choose the tree map icon.<\/p>\r\n\"\"\r\n

Step 3: Add the Category<\/strong> and Sub-Category <\/strong>fields onto the Label <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. From the treemap, it can be confirmed that phones generate the highest sales within the Technology product category compared to other technology items such as machines, copiers, or accessories. For the Furniture<\/strong> category, chairs lead in sales revenue, outperforming other products like tables, desks, or cabinets. It indicates that chairs are a major revenue driver in the Furniture<\/strong> category and may require focused inventory management and marketing efforts. In the Office Supplies<\/strong> category, storage solutions and binders generate the most revenue. This means that these items are the most essential products within Office Supplies<\/strong>, compared to other items like pens, notebooks, or office furniture.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Geo Map<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

Geo maps let users visualize data with geographic components like districts, states or countries. They are great for showing geographic-based data like sales by region or population by city. By plotting data on a map, users can quickly spot patterns and differences between areas, such as which regions are performing well or growing fast. This helps with understanding regional trends and making strategic decisions. To create a proper geo map in Tableau, users will need at least one geographic field and one measure field.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 26<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Build a geo map that shows sales data for each state. Rename the treemap to VIZ 21<\/strong>. Highlight the top 15 states with the highest sales figures.<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 26<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and rename it to VIZ 22<\/strong>. Click the State<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> fields simultaneously in the Data Pane<\/strong>, by holding the Ctrl<\/strong> button.<\/p>\r\n

Step 2: Choose M<\/strong>aps<\/strong> under the Show Me<\/strong> menu.<\/p>\r\n\"\"\r\n

Step 3 \u2013 Drop the State<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> fields to the Label<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 4: Add the State <\/strong>field to the filter shelf. Click the down arrow next to the State<\/strong> field available in the F<\/strong>ilter<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf and choose Edit Filter<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 5: Switch to the Top<\/strong> tab, choose By <\/strong>F<\/strong>ield<\/strong>, and set the values according to the needs of the analysis.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 6 - Clicking the OK<\/strong> button will update the geo map to display only the top ten countries by sales, with California in the lead and New York next.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Word Cloud<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

Word clouds are most effective for summarizing text data, where the size of each word corresponds to its frequency of occurrence in the dataset. They visually highlight the most frequently occurring words, making it easy to observe which terms are most significant or relevant. For example, feedback data collected from moviegoers can be converted into a word cloud, which may highlight keywords such as 'action movies,' 'Korean cinema,' 'expensive tickets,' and 'online booking.' These keywords can indicate current preferences or major issues encountered by moviegoers.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 27<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Create a word cloud to identify the most popular sub-category items based on the number of orders received. Name the word cloud VIZ 23<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 27<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 23<\/strong>. Add the Sub-Category<\/strong> field to the Label<\/strong>, Colour<\/strong>, and Size<\/strong> C<\/strong>ards<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 2: Ensure the view mode on the toolbar is switched to Entire View<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 3: Click the down arrow next to the Sub-Category<\/strong> field on the Size<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>, then select Measure<\/strong> and choose Count<\/strong>. This action prompts Tableau to calculate the number of occurrences for each sub-category item, reflecting their total orders.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 4: The size of the items in the word cloud suggests that binders, furnishings, papers, phones, and storage are among the most popular sub-category items, receiving substantial orders.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Dual Graph<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

A dual graph enables users to overlay two different measures on the same axis, which is particularly helpful when comparing metrics with different scales. For instance, users may want to plot sales revenue and profit margin on the same axis within a chart, allowing them to compare both metrics to each other.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 28<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Develop a dual graph to analyze both total sales and profit for each year, and title it VIZ 24<\/strong>. What conclusion can you draw from the dual graph?<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 28<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 24<\/strong>. Click the Order Date<\/strong>, Profit<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> fields all together by holding the Ctrl<\/strong> button.<\/p>\r\n

Step 2: Under Show Me<\/strong>, choose the Dual Graph<\/strong> option.<\/p>\r\n\"\"\r\n

Step 3: Once generating the dual graph, users have the option to standardize both axes to the same scale for a more accurate comparison. To align both axes to a uniform scale, right-click on either axis and select Synchronize Axis<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 4: The synchronized dual graph shows that both sales and profit have been rising consistently together since 2019.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Calendar Heatmap<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

A calendar heatmap is ideal for displaying data that has a daily component. For example, it can show daily sales figures, website usage rates, or customer activity over a month. Each day is represented as a cell, and colours indicate the magnitude of the data. By visualizing data in a calendar format, users can easily recognize seasonal trends and repeating patterns. For instance, users might witness increased sales during specific days of the week.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 29<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Design a calendar heatmap to observe daily sales patterns across each month and year. Name it VIZ 25<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 29<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

<\/a>Step 1: Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 25<\/strong>. Drag and drop the Order Date<\/strong> field onto the C<\/strong>olumn<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf. Click the down arrow to choose More<\/strong> under the discrete date format section and choose Weekday<\/strong> to display days in the V<\/strong>iew<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\"\"\r\n

<\/a>Step 2: Drag and drop the Order Date<\/strong> field onto the Rows<\/strong> shelf. Click the drop-down arrow, select More<\/strong> under the discrete date format section, and choose Week Number<\/strong> to display the number of weeks in the V<\/strong>iew<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 4: Drop the Order Date<\/strong> field to the Filters<\/strong> shelf and choose Month\/Year<\/strong> to allow the users to control the data in the V<\/strong>iew<\/strong> according to month and year.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

<\/a>Step 5: Display the filter card, and randomly pick any one option. For example, in this case, choose April 2018.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 6: Ensure that the view mode in the toolbar is set to Entire View<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 7: Drop the Profit<\/strong> field to the Colour<\/strong> card.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 8: Drop the Order Date <\/strong>field to the Label<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. Click the down arrow next to the Order Date<\/strong> field<\/strong> and change the date format to Day <\/strong>to display the exact date information in the calendar.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 9: Switch the type of the marks to Square<\/strong> to obtain the final calendar heatmap.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 10: Users can use the filter card to navigate between different months and analyze the daily profit trends.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Bump Chart<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n

Bump charts are ideal to observe how the rank of various dimension items e.g., the product categories, sales teams, or regions changes, changes across different time points. For example, we can monitor the rankings of different sales teams by their monthly performance, showing which teams have developed or declined in rank.<\/p>\r\n\r\n

<\/a>Exercise 30<\/strong><\/h3>\r\n

Build a bump chart to compare the ranks of different regions in terms of their yearly sales. Name the chart VIZ 26<\/strong>. What insights can you offer based on the bump chart?<\/p>\r\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 30<\/strong><\/p>\r\n

Step 1: Create a new worksheet and name it VIZ 26<\/strong>. Next, drag the Order Date<\/strong> field onto the C<\/strong>olumn<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf and the Sales <\/strong>field onto the Rows<\/strong> shelf.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 2: Drop the Region<\/strong> field to the Colour<\/strong> card.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 3: The axis must be converted to rank values. To do this, click the down arrow next to the Sales<\/strong> field in the Rows<\/strong> shelf. Then, select Quick Table Calculation<\/strong> and choose Rank<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 4: The ranks within each year should be calculated based on the regions. To do this, click the down arrow next to the Sales<\/strong> field in the R<\/strong>ow<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf. Then, hover over Compute Using<\/strong> and select Region<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 5: The current version of the bump chart displays regions with a better rank appearing lower on the chart, while those with a poorer rank appear higher. To have regions with a better rank appear at the top of the chart, you need to reverse the scale on the axis. To do this, right-click the axis, select Edit Axis<\/strong>, and then, in the Edit Axis<\/strong> settings, check the Reversed<\/strong> option under the Scale<\/strong> section.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n

Step 6: The bump chart clearly shows that from 2018 to 2021, the West and East regions consistently held the 1st or 2nd ranks. In contrast, the Central and South regions remained the lowest performers, struggling to surpass the top two regions.<\/p>\r\n

\"image\"<\/p>\r\n[h5p id=\"18\"]\r\n

<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

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\"image\"<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n

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By the end of this chapter, readers will be able to:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Construct scatter plots using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct donut charts using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct crosstabs using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct tree maps using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct geo maps using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct word clouds using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct dual graphs using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct calendar heatmaps using Tableau<\/li>\n
  • Construct bump charts using Tableau<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
<\/td>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

<\/a>Default Chart Options<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tableau provides several default chart options beyond the traditional bar graph. You can access the list of default charts available in the Tableau environment by clicking on the Show Me<\/strong> button located at the top right corner of the worksheet. Some of the default chart options in Tableau include pie charts, geographic maps, scatter plots, histograms, bullet graphs, treemaps, and bubble graphs.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

The types or number of the data fields required to build each of these charts can be seen when the users mouse over the related chart icon. For example, mousing over the pie chart icon reveals that Tableau requires at least 1 or more-dimension fields and 1 or 2 measure fields to construct a proper pie chart.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

<\/a>Scatter Plot<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A scatter plot is useful when users wish to explore the relationship between two continuous fields. For example, a scatter plot can be used to examine the relationship between spending on social media advertisements and the profit earned, to determine whether higher spending correlates with higher profit.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 23<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Plot the data of total sales and profit according to quarter and year. Name the chart VIZ 18<\/strong>. Describe the relationship that you notice.<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise<\/strong> 23<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1: Drop the S<\/strong>ales<\/strong> field to the Columns<\/strong> shelf and the P<\/strong>rofit<\/strong> field to the R<\/strong>ow<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 2: Drop the O<\/strong>rder <\/strong>D<\/strong>ate<\/strong> field to the D<\/strong>etail<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. Expand the O<\/strong>rder <\/strong>D<\/strong>ate<\/strong> by quarter and year.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 3: A detailed scatter plot has been created to show sales and profit by quarter and year. The plot indicates a positive correlation between sales and profit, suggesting that profit tends to increase as sales rise.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

<\/a>Donut Chart<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A donut chart is a variation of a pie chart, but with a blank space in the centre, allowing the users to add summary information in the hollow space. Similar to a pie chart, it can be used to represent the data of different dimension items, with summary data made available in the centre space to provide additional information for the audience. For example, users might use a donut chart to visualize the article publications of different faculties within a university, and the central space of a donut chart can be used to display the total publications.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 24<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Create a donut chart where the outer ring displays sales by region, and the centre shows the overall sales. Name the donut chart VIZ 19<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 24<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1 \u2013 Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 19<\/strong>. Create a constant field with the value “0”. To do so, click Create Calculated Field, name it Zero<\/strong> and enter the value in the calculation space before clicking Apply<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 2 \u2013 Drag and drop the newly created Zero<\/strong> field onto the Row<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 3 – Switch the view from the Standard<\/strong> to the Entire View<\/strong>.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 4 \u2013 Switch the type of marks to Pie.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 5 \u2013 Drag and drop the Zero<\/strong> field onto the Row<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf once more to generate an additional axis and pie chart.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 6: Click the Marks<\/strong> shelf of the first pie chart and adjust the size of the pie chart so that it appears slightly larger than the second one.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Step 7: In the same M<\/strong>ark<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf, drop the Region<\/strong> field to the Colour<\/strong> card, and the Sales<\/strong> field to the S<\/strong>ize <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. At the same time, drop both Region<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> to the L<\/strong>abel <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 8: Switch to the second Mark<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf and adjust the size of the second pie chart as needed, making sure it does not exceed the size of the first pie chart. Additionally, change the colour of the second pie chart to white using the Colour<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 9: Right-click the axis of the second pie chart. Choose Dual Axis<\/strong> to merge both pie charts.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 10 \u2013 Click on the Marks<\/strong> shelf of the second pie chart again. Then, drag the Sales<\/strong> field to the Label Card<\/strong> to show the figure in the centre.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

Step 11: Edit the Label<\/strong> to add the term \u201cTotal\u201d before the sales figure.<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

\"image\"<\/p>\n

<\/a>Crosstab<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A crosstab, also known as a pivot table, is ideal for summarizing data across two dimensions. For example, it can be used to summarize sales by region and product category in a tabular format. Typically, the data in a crosstab is presented as percentages, which helps provide clearer insights into proportions and relative importance. Tableau offers functionality to enhance crosstabs by adding grand totals to columns or rows through the Total<\/strong> option in the Analysis<\/strong> menu. Additionally, you can easily convert the data into percentages relative to the column, row, or grand total using the Percentage Of<\/strong> feature also found under Analysis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 24<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Create a table that summarizes the sales data by region and product category. Name it VIZ 20<\/strong>. Arrange the regions as columns and the product categories as rows. Include a grand total for each region. Additionally, calculate the percentage of sales attributed to furniture items relative to the total sales in the Central region.<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 24<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1: Place the Region<\/strong> field on the Columns<\/strong> shelf and the Category<\/strong> field on the Rows<\/strong> shelf. Drop the Sales<\/strong> field to the Label <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong> to create the crosstab. Rename the worksheet to VIZ 20<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 2: In the toolbar, click on Analysis<\/strong>, select Totals<\/strong>, and then choose Show Column Grand Totals<\/strong> to display the total sales for each region.<\/p>\n

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Step 3: In the toolbar, click on Analysis<\/strong>, select Percentage Of<\/strong>, and then choose Column<\/strong> to convert the existing crosstab into a column-based percentage crosstab.<\/p>\n

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Step 4: Based on the percentage crosstab, we can conclude that 32.68% of the total sales in the Central region was contributed by furniture items.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Tree <\/strong>M<\/strong>ap<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A tree map is a visualization chart used to display hierarchical (tree-structured) data using nested rectangles. Each rectangle represents a category or subcategory, and the size and colour of the rectangles provide insights into the data.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 25<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Generate a tree map displaying sales data by product categories and sub-categories. Rename the tree map to VIZ 21<\/strong>. What insights can you derive from the tree map?<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 25<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and rename it VIZ 21<\/strong>. Click all three fields in the D<\/strong>ata <\/strong>P<\/strong>ane<\/strong> section by holding the Ctrl<\/strong> button: Category<\/strong>, Sub-Category<\/strong>, and Sales<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Step 2: Under Show Me<\/strong>, choose the tree map icon.<\/p>\n

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Step 3: Add the Category<\/strong> and Sub-Category <\/strong>fields onto the Label <\/strong>C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. From the treemap, it can be confirmed that phones generate the highest sales within the Technology product category compared to other technology items such as machines, copiers, or accessories. For the Furniture<\/strong> category, chairs lead in sales revenue, outperforming other products like tables, desks, or cabinets. It indicates that chairs are a major revenue driver in the Furniture<\/strong> category and may require focused inventory management and marketing efforts. In the Office Supplies<\/strong> category, storage solutions and binders generate the most revenue. This means that these items are the most essential products within Office Supplies<\/strong>, compared to other items like pens, notebooks, or office furniture.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Geo Map<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Geo maps let users visualize data with geographic components like districts, states or countries. They are great for showing geographic-based data like sales by region or population by city. By plotting data on a map, users can quickly spot patterns and differences between areas, such as which regions are performing well or growing fast. This helps with understanding regional trends and making strategic decisions. To create a proper geo map in Tableau, users will need at least one geographic field and one measure field.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 26<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Build a geo map that shows sales data for each state. Rename the treemap to VIZ 21<\/strong>. Highlight the top 15 states with the highest sales figures.<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 26<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and rename it to VIZ 22<\/strong>. Click the State<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> fields simultaneously in the Data Pane<\/strong>, by holding the Ctrl<\/strong> button.<\/p>\n

Step 2: Choose M<\/strong>aps<\/strong> under the Show Me<\/strong> menu.<\/p>\n

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Step 3 \u2013 Drop the State<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> fields to the Label<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 4: Add the State <\/strong>field to the filter shelf. Click the down arrow next to the State<\/strong> field available in the F<\/strong>ilter<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf and choose Edit Filter<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 5: Switch to the Top<\/strong> tab, choose By <\/strong>F<\/strong>ield<\/strong>, and set the values according to the needs of the analysis.<\/p>\n

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Step 6 – Clicking the OK<\/strong> button will update the geo map to display only the top ten countries by sales, with California in the lead and New York next.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Word Cloud<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Word clouds are most effective for summarizing text data, where the size of each word corresponds to its frequency of occurrence in the dataset. They visually highlight the most frequently occurring words, making it easy to observe which terms are most significant or relevant. For example, feedback data collected from moviegoers can be converted into a word cloud, which may highlight keywords such as ‘action movies,’ ‘Korean cinema,’ ‘expensive tickets,’ and ‘online booking.’ These keywords can indicate current preferences or major issues encountered by moviegoers.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 27<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Create a word cloud to identify the most popular sub-category items based on the number of orders received. Name the word cloud VIZ 23<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 27<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 23<\/strong>. Add the Sub-Category<\/strong> field to the Label<\/strong>, Colour<\/strong>, and Size<\/strong> C<\/strong>ards<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 2: Ensure the view mode on the toolbar is switched to Entire View<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 3: Click the down arrow next to the Sub-Category<\/strong> field on the Size<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>, then select Measure<\/strong> and choose Count<\/strong>. This action prompts Tableau to calculate the number of occurrences for each sub-category item, reflecting their total orders.<\/p>\n

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Step 4: The size of the items in the word cloud suggests that binders, furnishings, papers, phones, and storage are among the most popular sub-category items, receiving substantial orders.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Dual Graph<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A dual graph enables users to overlay two different measures on the same axis, which is particularly helpful when comparing metrics with different scales. For instance, users may want to plot sales revenue and profit margin on the same axis within a chart, allowing them to compare both metrics to each other.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 28<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Develop a dual graph to analyze both total sales and profit for each year, and title it VIZ 24<\/strong>. What conclusion can you draw from the dual graph?<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 28<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1: Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 24<\/strong>. Click the Order Date<\/strong>, Profit<\/strong> and Sales<\/strong> fields all together by holding the Ctrl<\/strong> button.<\/p>\n

Step 2: Under Show Me<\/strong>, choose the Dual Graph<\/strong> option.<\/p>\n

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Step 3: Once generating the dual graph, users have the option to standardize both axes to the same scale for a more accurate comparison. To align both axes to a uniform scale, right-click on either axis and select Synchronize Axis<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 4: The synchronized dual graph shows that both sales and profit have been rising consistently together since 2019.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Calendar Heatmap<\/strong><\/h2>\n

A calendar heatmap is ideal for displaying data that has a daily component. For example, it can show daily sales figures, website usage rates, or customer activity over a month. Each day is represented as a cell, and colours indicate the magnitude of the data. By visualizing data in a calendar format, users can easily recognize seasonal trends and repeating patterns. For instance, users might witness increased sales during specific days of the week.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 29<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Design a calendar heatmap to observe daily sales patterns across each month and year. Name it VIZ 25<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 29<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/a>Step 1: Open a new worksheet and name it VIZ 25<\/strong>. Drag and drop the Order Date<\/strong> field onto the C<\/strong>olumn<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf. Click the down arrow to choose More<\/strong> under the discrete date format section and choose Weekday<\/strong> to display days in the V<\/strong>iew<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Step 2: Drag and drop the Order Date<\/strong> field onto the Rows<\/strong> shelf. Click the drop-down arrow, select More<\/strong> under the discrete date format section, and choose Week Number<\/strong> to display the number of weeks in the V<\/strong>iew<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 4: Drop the Order Date<\/strong> field to the Filters<\/strong> shelf and choose Month\/Year<\/strong> to allow the users to control the data in the V<\/strong>iew<\/strong> according to month and year.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Step 5: Display the filter card, and randomly pick any one option. For example, in this case, choose April 2018.<\/p>\n

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Step 6: Ensure that the view mode in the toolbar is set to Entire View<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 7: Drop the Profit<\/strong> field to the Colour<\/strong> card.<\/p>\n

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Step 8: Drop the Order Date <\/strong>field to the Label<\/strong> C<\/strong>ard<\/strong>. Click the down arrow next to the Order Date<\/strong> field<\/strong> and change the date format to Day <\/strong>to display the exact date information in the calendar.<\/p>\n

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Step 9: Switch the type of the marks to Square<\/strong> to obtain the final calendar heatmap.<\/p>\n

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Step 10: Users can use the filter card to navigate between different months and analyze the daily profit trends.<\/p>\n

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<\/a>Bump Chart<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Bump charts are ideal to observe how the rank of various dimension items e.g., the product categories, sales teams, or regions changes, changes across different time points. For example, we can monitor the rankings of different sales teams by their monthly performance, showing which teams have developed or declined in rank.<\/p>\n

<\/a>Exercise 30<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Build a bump chart to compare the ranks of different regions in terms of their yearly sales. Name the chart VIZ 26<\/strong>. What insights can you offer based on the bump chart?<\/p>\n

Solution \u2013 Exercise 30<\/strong><\/p>\n

Step 1: Create a new worksheet and name it VIZ 26<\/strong>. Next, drag the Order Date<\/strong> field onto the C<\/strong>olumn<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf and the Sales <\/strong>field onto the Rows<\/strong> shelf.<\/p>\n

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Step 2: Drop the Region<\/strong> field to the Colour<\/strong> card.<\/p>\n

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Step 3: The axis must be converted to rank values. To do this, click the down arrow next to the Sales<\/strong> field in the Rows<\/strong> shelf. Then, select Quick Table Calculation<\/strong> and choose Rank<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 4: The ranks within each year should be calculated based on the regions. To do this, click the down arrow next to the Sales<\/strong> field in the R<\/strong>ow<\/strong>s<\/strong> shelf. Then, hover over Compute Using<\/strong> and select Region<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

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Step 5: The current version of the bump chart displays regions with a better rank appearing lower on the chart, while those with a poorer rank appear higher. To have regions with a better rank appear at the top of the chart, you need to reverse the scale on the axis. To do this, right-click the axis, select Edit Axis<\/strong>, and then, in the Edit Axis<\/strong> settings, check the Reversed<\/strong> option under the Scale<\/strong> section.<\/p>\n

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Step 6: The bump chart clearly shows that from 2018 to 2021, the West and East regions consistently held the 1st or 2nd ranks. In contrast, the Central and South regions remained the lowest performers, struggling to surpass the top two regions.<\/p>\n

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