{"id":48,"date":"2025-11-25T00:09:52","date_gmt":"2025-11-25T00:09:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=48"},"modified":"2025-12-15T04:52:21","modified_gmt":"2025-12-15T04:52:21","slug":"48","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/chapter\/48\/","title":{"raw":"CHAPTER 1","rendered":"CHAPTER 1"},"content":{"raw":"<img class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-56\" src=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1036\" height=\"708\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">4<\/p>","rendered":"<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter size-full wp-image-56\" src=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"1036\" height=\"708\" srcset=\"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM.png 1036w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM-300x205.png 300w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM-1024x700.png 1024w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM-768x525.png 768w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM-65x44.png 65w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM-225x154.png 225w, https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/281\/2025\/11\/Screenshot-2025-11-30-at-12.25.42\u202fPM-350x239.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1036px) 100vw, 1036px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right\">4<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":43,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-48","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":30,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/43"}],"version-history":[{"count":9,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":439,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/revisions\/439"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/30"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/48\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=48"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=48"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/openbook.ums.edu.my\/abstractme2025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=48"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}